diff --git a/src/common/modules/notification/listeners/transaction-notification.listener.ts b/src/common/modules/notification/listeners/transaction-notification.listener.ts
index 758532f..b2612af 100644
--- a/src/common/modules/notification/listeners/transaction-notification.listener.ts
+++ b/src/common/modules/notification/listeners/transaction-notification.listener.ts
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export class TransactionNotificationListener {
         : NotificationScope.CHILD_SPENDING;
 
       // Construct title
-      const title = isTopUp ? '💰 Card Topped Up' : '💳 Purchase Successful';
+      const title = isTopUp ? 'Card Topped Up' : 'Purchase Successful';
 
       // Extract data
       const amount = transaction.transactionAmount;
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ export class TransactionNotificationListener {
       // Send notification to parent
       await this.notificationFactory.send({
         userId: parentUser.id,
-        title: '🚨 Child Spending Alert',
+        title: 'Child Spending Alert',
         message: `${childName} spent $${amount.toFixed(2)} at ${merchant}`,
         scope: NotificationScope.PARENT_SPENDING_ALERT,
         preferences: this.getUserPreferences(parentUser),
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ export class TransactionNotificationListener {
       // Send notification to parent
       await this.notificationFactory.send({
         userId: parentUser.id,
-        title: '✅ Top-Up Confirmation',
+        title: 'Top-Up Confirmation',
         message: `You topped up ${childName}'s card with $${amount.toFixed(2)}. New balance: $${balance.toFixed(2)}`,
         scope: NotificationScope.PARENT_TOP_UP_CONFIRMATION,
         preferences: this.getUserPreferences(parentUser),
diff --git a/src/common/modules/notification/services/notifications.service.ts b/src/common/modules/notification/services/notifications.service.ts
index ba192bc..46db986 100644
--- a/src/common/modules/notification/services/notifications.service.ts
+++ b/src/common/modules/notification/services/notifications.service.ts
@@ -31,9 +31,24 @@ export class NotificationsService {
     return { notifications, count, unreadCount };
   }
 
-  createNotification(notification: Partial<Notification>) {
+  async createNotification(notification: Partial<Notification>) {
     this.logger.log(`Creating notification for user ${notification.userId}`);
-    return this.notificationRepository.createNotification(notification);
+    const savedNotification = await this.notificationRepository.createNotification(notification);
+    
+    // Publish to Redis PubSub for delivery (Firebase, Email, SMS)
+    this.logger.log(`Publishing ${EventType.NOTIFICATION_CREATED} event to Redis`);
+    this.redisPubSubService.publishEvent(EventType.NOTIFICATION_CREATED, {
+      ...savedNotification,
+      data: notification.data || savedNotification.data,
+    }).catch((error) => {
+      // Log error but don't throw - notification is saved in DB
+      this.logger.error(
+        `Failed to publish notification ${savedNotification.id} to Redis: ${error?.message || 'Unknown error'}`,
+        error?.stack
+      );
+    });
+    
+    return savedNotification;
   }
 
   markAsRead(userId: string) {
@@ -42,35 +57,28 @@ export class NotificationsService {
   }
 
   async sendEmailAsync(data: SendEmailRequestDto) {
-    this.logger.log(`emitting ${EventType.NOTIFICATION_CREATED} event`);
-    const notification = await this.createNotification({
+    this.logger.log(`Creating email notification for ${data.to}`);
+    // createNotification now automatically publishes to Redis
+    await this.createNotification({
       recipient: data.to,
       title: data.subject,
       message: '',
       scope: NotificationScope.USER_INVITED,
       channel: NotificationChannel.EMAIL,
-    });
-    // return this.redisPubSubService.emit(EventType.NOTIFICATION_CREATED, notification, data.data);
-    this.redisPubSubService.publishEvent(EventType.NOTIFICATION_CREATED, {
-      ...notification,
-      data,
+      data: data.data, // Pass data in notification object
     });
   }
 
   async sendOtpNotification(sendOtpRequest: ISendOtp, otp: string) {
     this.logger.log(`Sending OTP to ${sendOtpRequest.recipient}`);
-    const notification = await this.createNotification({
+    // createNotification now automatically publishes to Redis
+    return this.createNotification({
       recipient: sendOtpRequest.recipient,
       title: OTP_TITLE,
       message: OTP_BODY.replace('{otp}', otp),
       scope: NotificationScope.OTP,
       channel: sendOtpRequest.otpType === OtpType.EMAIL ? NotificationChannel.EMAIL : NotificationChannel.SMS,
-    });
-
-    this.logger.log(`emitting ${EventType.NOTIFICATION_CREATED} event`);
-    return this.redisPubSubService.publishEvent(EventType.NOTIFICATION_CREATED, {
-      ...notification,
-      data: { otp },
+      data: { otp }, // Pass data in notification object
     });
   }
 }